﻿<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ArticleSet>
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Research and Development in Medical Education</JournalTitle>
      <Issn>2322-2719</Issn>
      <Volume>14</Volume>
      <Issue>1</Issue>
      <PubDate PubStatus="ppublish">
        <Year>2025</Year>
        <Month>01</Month>
        <DAY>01</DAY>
      </PubDate>
    </Journal>
    <ArticleTitle>Cultivating academic self-concept and reducing test anxiety through time management training</ArticleTitle>
    <FirstPage>33316</FirstPage>
    <LastPage>33316</LastPage>
    <ELocationID EIdType="doi">10.34172/rdme.025.33316</ELocationID>
    <Language>EN</Language>
    <AuthorList>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Fereshteh</FirstName>
        <LastName>Motavaf</LastName>
        <Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3615-6758</Identifier>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Leila</FirstName>
        <LastName>Shoaei</LastName>
        <Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0081-0153</Identifier>
      </Author>
    </AuthorList>
    <PublicationType>Journal Article</PublicationType>
    <ArticleIdList>
      <ArticleId IdType="doi">10.34172/rdme.025.33316</ArticleId>
    </ArticleIdList>
    <History>
      <PubDate PubStatus="received">
        <Year>2025</Year>
        <Month>02</Month>
        <Day>13</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <PubDate PubStatus="accepted">
        <Year>2025</Year>
        <Month>05</Month>
        <Day>20</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </History>
    <Abstract>Background: Many students struggle with academic self-concept, procrastination, and test anxiety, which can negatively impact their academic performance. This research sought to determine whether time management training could effectively improve academic self-concept, reduce procrastination, and lessen test anxiety in students. Methods: This study utilized a quasi-experimental, pre-test/post-test control group design. The target population comprised all female secondary school students in Ahvaz during the 2022-2023 academic year. A convenience sample of 30 students was recruited and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=15) or the control group (n=15). Data were collected using the Academic Self-Concept Questionnaire, the Academic Procrastination Questionnaire, and the Test Anxiety Questionnaire. The experimental group received a time management training program consisting of seven 60-minute sessions; the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The results indicated that time management training was effective in improving academic self-concept (F=3.45, P=0.034) and reducing both academic procrastination (F=5.13, P=0.012) and test anxiety (F=29.61, P=0.001) in students. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that time management training effectively improves academic self-concept and reduces both procrastination and test anxiety in students. These findings suggest that such training can be a valuable tool for educators and institutions seeking to foster a positive learning environment and enhance student success.  </Abstract>
    <ObjectList>
      <Object Type="keyword">
        <Param Name="value">Self-concept</Param>
      </Object>
      <Object Type="keyword">
        <Param Name="value">Anxiety</Param>
      </Object>
      <Object Type="keyword">
        <Param Name="value">Procrastination</Param>
      </Object>
      <Object Type="keyword">
        <Param Name="value">Time management</Param>
      </Object>
      <Object Type="keyword">
        <Param Name="value">Students</Param>
      </Object>
    </ObjectList>
  </Article>
</ArticleSet>